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Indoor residual spraying or IRS is the process of spraying the inside of dwellings with an insecticide to kill mosquitoes that spread malaria. A dilute solution of insecticide is sprayed on the inside walls of certain types of dwellings—those with walls made from porous materials such as mud or wood but not plaster as in city dwellings. Mosquitoes are killed or repelled by the spray, preventing the transmission of the disease. In 2008, 44 countries employed IRS as a malaria control strategy.〔 Several pesticides have historically been used for IRS, the first and most well-known being DDT. ==World Health Organization recommendations== The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends IRS as one of three primary means of malaria control, the others being use of insecticide treated bednets (ITNs) and prompt treatment of confirmed cases with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WHO – Malaria )〕 While previously the WHO had recommended IRS only in areas of sporadic malaria transmission, in 2006 it began recommending IRS in areas of endemic, stable transmission as well. According to the WHO:〔(Indoor Residual Spraying: Use of Indoor Residual Spraying for Scaling Up Global Malaria Control and Elimination. ) World Health Organization, 2006.〕 Furthermore, for IRS to be effective:〔 # There must be a high percentage of sprayable surfaces within each dwelling. # The vector (mosquitos) must feed or rest indoors. # The targeted vectors must be susceptible (i.e. not resistant) to the insecticide being sprayed. The WHO further states that "insecticide susceptibility and vector behaviour; safety for humans and the environment; and efficacy and cost-effectiveness" are factors that must be considered when selecting an insecticide for IRS.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「indoor residual spraying」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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